How activated carbon adsorbs gold from cyanide leach solutions in CIP and CIL circuits, and what affects loading performance.

The role collectors play in making gold-bearing sulfides floatable, and how collector choice affects selectivity and recovery.

What frothers do in flotation, how froth stability affects recovery and grade, and how to think about dosage.

What gold flotation depressants do, how they differ from base-metal depressants, and how to evaluate one for your ore.

How copper sulphate activates sphalerite and other minerals for flotation, and why timing and dosage sequencing matter.

How zinc sulphate is used to depress sphalerite and other minerals during selective flotation, and what affects its performance.

Hydrated lime’s role in pH control for cyanidation, and why getting alkalinity right protects both recovery and safety.

How lead nitrate is used as a leach-assist additive in cyanide gold circuits, and why dosing has to be carefully controlled.

An overview of alternative gold leaching chemistries — thiosulfate, thiourea, chloride and glycine-based — and how they compare to cyanidation.

Where H2O2 fits into mineral processing circuits, how it compares to other oxidizers, and what to check before using it at scale.